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Drug
Discovery Group |
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Professor David C.K. Chu |
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PROFESSIONAL AND/OR ACADEMIC POSITIONS: 1998-present Distinguished Research Professor (University of Georgia
Chaired Professor) American Chemical Society (Medicinal, Organic, and Carbohydrate
Division Member) NIH Advisory Committee Member (AIDS Emphasis panel-AARR3), 1998-2002 Nucleoside and carbohydrate chemistry Drug Design and synthesis of antiviral agents for AIDS MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY Pseudoisocytidine for cancer (discovered
1975-Phase I-discontinued)
The following is a selected list
of publications in peer reviewed journals from our group. RECENT PUBLICATIONS - (2000-Present) 200. Chu, C.K.; Ma, L.; Olgen, S.; Pierra, C.; Du, J.; Gumina, G.; Gullen, E.; Cheng, Y.-C.; Schinazi, R.F. Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Oxaselenolane Nucleosides. J. Med. Chem., 2000, 43, 3906-3912. 201. Li, L.; Dutschman, G.; Gullen, E.; Tsujii, E.; Grill, S.; Choi, Y.S.; Chu, C.K.; Cheng, Y.-C. Metabolism and Mode of Inhibition of Varicella-Zoster Virus by L-b-5-Bromovinyl-(2-hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolanyl)uracil Is Dependent on Viral Thymidine Kinase. Mol. Pharmacol., 2000, 58, 1109-1114. 202. Kira, T.; Grill, S.P.; Dutschman, G.E.; Lin, J.-S.; Qu, F.; Choi, Y.S.; Chu, C.K.; Cheng, Y.-C. Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Activity of L-5-Iododioxolane Uracil Is Dependent on EBV Thymidine Kinase. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemother., 2000, 44(12), 3278-3284. 203. Chong, Y.; Gumina, G.; Chu, C.K. Divergent Synthesis of D- and L- Carbocyclic 4’-Fluoro-2’,3’-Dideoxynucleosides As Potential Antiviral Agents. Tetrahedron: Asymetry, 2000,11 (24), 4853-4875. 204. Furman, P.A.; Jeffrey, J.; Kiefer, L.L.; Feng, J.; Anderson, K.S.; Borrota-Esoda, K.; Hill, E.; Copeland, W.C.; Chu, C.K.; Sommadossi, J.P.; Liberman, I.; Schinazi, R.F.; Painter, G.R. Mechanism of Action of 1--D-2, 6-Diaminopurine Dioxolane: A Prodrug of the HIV-1 Inhibitor 1--D-Dioxolane Guanosine. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemother., 2001, 45(1), 158-165. 205. Lee, K.; Chu, C.K. Understanding the Mode of Action of L-Nucleosides as Antiviral Agents: A Molecular Modeling Approach. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2001, 45(1), 138-144. 206. Cho, S.; Kim, Y.; Cruz, M.O.; Park, E.-M.; Chu, C.K.; Lee, K.; Joh, T. H. Repression of proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in activated microglia by N-acetyl-O-methyldopamine: Protein kinase A-dependent mechanism. Glia, 2001, 33, 324-333. 207. Chun, B.K.; Song, G.Y.; Chu, C.K. Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Carbocyclic C-Nucleosides and Related Compounds. J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 4852-4858. 208. Gumina, G.; Song, G.Y.; Chu, C.K. Advances in Antiviral Agents for Hepatitis B Virus. Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 2001, 12, 89-112. 209. Korba, B.E.; Cote, P.; Baldwin, B.H.; Wells, F.V.; Peek, S.F.; Hornbuckle, W.E.; Toshkov, I.A.; Chu, C.K.; Gerin, J.L.; Tennant, CB.C.; Jacob, J.R. Antiviral Activity of clevudine [L-FMAU, (1-(2-fluoro-5-methyl-beta, 1-arabinofuranosyl) uracil)] against woodchuck hepatitis virus replication and gene expression in chronically infected woodchucks (Marmota monax). Hepatology, 2001, 33, 254-266. 210. Choo, H.; Chong, Y.H.; Chu, C.K. Solid Phase Synthesis of Carbocyclic L-2’-Deoxynucleosides, Organic Letters, 2001, 3, 1471-1473. 211. Clark, T.N.; White, C.A.; Chu, C.K.; Bartlett, M.G. Determination of 3’-Azido-2’-3’-Dideoxyridine (AZDU) in maternal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid, Fetal and Placental Tissues by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, J. Of Chromatography B, 2001, 755,165-172. 212. Gumina, G.; Song, G.Y.; Chu, C.K. L-Nucleosides as chemotherapeutic agents-mini review, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2001, 202, 9-15. 213. Gumina, G.; Schinazi, R.F.; and
Chu, C.K. Synthesis and potent anti-HIV activity of L-3’-fluoro
unsaturated cytidine, Organic Letters, 2001, 3, 4177-4180. 214. Song, G.Y.; Paul, V.; Choo, H.; Morrey, J.; Sidwell, R.W.; Schinazi, R. F.; and Chu, C.K. Enantiomeric Synthesis of D- and L-Cyclopentenyl Nucleosides and their Antiviral Activity Against HIV and West Nile Virus, J. Med. Chem., 2001, 44, 3985-3993. 215.Song, G.Y.; Naguib, F.N.M.; el Kouni, M.;, Chu, C. K. Synthesis of carbocyclic analogs as potential orotidine decarboxylase inhibitors, Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids, 2002, 20, 1915-1925. 216. Lee, K.; Choi, Y.S.; Gumina, G.; Zhou, W.; Schinazi, R.F.; and Chu, C.K. Structure-Activity Relationships of 2’-Fluoro-2’,3’-unsaturated D-Nucleosides as Anti-HIV-1 Agents. J. Med. Chem., 2002, 45, 1313-1320. 217. Chong, Y.H.; Chu, C.K. Efficient synthesis of 2-deoxy-L-erythro-pentose (2-deoxy-L-ribose) from L-arabinose. Carbohydrate Research, 2002, 332, 397-402. 218. Choi, Y.S.; Choo, H.; Chong, Y. Lee, S.; Olgen, S.; Schinazi, R.F.; and Chu, C.K. Synthesis and Potent Anti-HIV Activity of L-2’,3’-Didehydro-2’,3’-dideoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thiocytidine. Organic Letters, 2002, 4, 305-307. 219. Ray, A.S.; Yang, Z.; Chu, C.K. and Anderson, K.S. A Novel Use of a guanosine prodrug Approach to convert D4G into a viable Antiviral Agent., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother., 2002, 46,887-891. 220. Cooperwood, J.S.; Gumina, G.; Vorobiev, A.; Boudinot,F.D.; Chu, C.K. Nucleoside Prodrugs- Recent Advances in Nucleoside: Chemistry and Chemotherapy, C.K. Chu Ed., 2002, Elsevier. 221. Gumina, G.; Chu, C. K. Synthesis of L-Oxetanocin, Organic Letters, 2002, 4, 1147-1149. 222. Jin, Y.H.; Chu, C. K. Efficient and practical synthesis of D-cyclopent-3-enone, the intermediate for the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides, Tet.Letts., 2002, 43, 4141-4143. 223. Ray, A.S.; Yang, Z.J.; Shi, J.; Hobbs, a.; Schinazi, R. f.; Chu, C. K.; Anderson, K.S. Insight into the molecular mechanism of inhibition and drug resistance of HIV-1 RT with carbovir triphosphate, Biochemistry, 2002, 41, 5150-5162. 224. Gumina, G.; Chong, Y.H.; Choo, H.; Song, G.Y.; Chu, C. K. L-Nucleosides: antiviral and molecular mechanism, Current topics in Med. Chem. 2002, Current Topics in Med. Chem. 2002, 2, 1065-1086. 225. Lee, K.; Zhou, W.; Kelley, L.C.; Momany, C.; Chu, C.K. Synthesis of Vinyl fluoride containing D- and L-pyranosyl nucleosides from D-glyceraldehyde, Tetrahedron Asymmetry, 2002, 13, 1589-1598. 221. Chong, Y. H.; Chu, C. K. Understanding the unique mechanism of L-FMAU (clevudine) against heparitis B virus: molecular dynamics studies, Bioorg. Chem. Med. Chem. Letts. 2002, 12,3459-3462. 222. Chong, Y.; Borroto-Esoda, K.; Furman, P.A.; Schinazi, R.F.; and Chu, C.K. Molecular mechanisms of DAPD/DXG against zidovudine- and lamivudine- drug resistance drug resitant mutant: A molecular modeling approach, Antimicrob. Chemistry Chemother., 2002, 13, 115-128. 223. Stuyver, L.J.; Lostia, S.; Adams, M.; Mathew, J.S.; Pai, B. S.; grier, J.P.; Tarnish, P.M.; Choi, Y.S.; Chong, Y.H.; Choo, H. Chu, c.K.; Otto, M.J.; Schinazi, R.F. Antiviral activity and cellular toxicity of 2’,3’-dideoxy-2’,3’-didehydrocytidine analogs, Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 2002, 46, 3854-3860. 229. Chu, C.K.; Jin, Y.H.; Baker, R.O.; Huggins,J. Antiviral Activity of Cyclopentenyl nucleosides against Orthopox
viruses (Smallpox, Monkeypox and Cowpox), Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Letts, 2002
13, 9-11. 230. Chong, Y.H.; Choo, H.A.; Choi, Y.S.; Schinazi, R.F.; Chu, C.K.Stereosynthesis and antiviral activity of D-2’,3’-didehydro-2’,3’-2’-fluoro-4’-thionucleosides, J. Med. Chem., 2002, 45, 4888-4898. 231. Stuyver, L.J.; Whitaker, McBrayer, T.R.; Hrtnandez, B.I.; Lostia, S. ; Tarnish, P.M. Ramesh, M.; Chu, C. K.; Shi, J.; Jordan, R.; Watnabe, K.A.; Rachakonda, S.; Otto, M.J.; Schnazi, A ribonucleoside analogue that selectively blocks the replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture, Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 2003, 47, 244-254. 232. Choo, H.A.; Chong, Y.H.; Choi, Y.S.; Mathew, J.; Schinazi, R.F; Chu, C. K. Synthesis, anti-HIV activity and molecular mechanism of drug resistance of L-2’,3’-didehydro-2,3’-dideoxy-2’-fluoro-4’-thionucleosides, J. Med. Chem. , 2003, 46, 389-398. 233. Chen,
H.; Pai, B.; Hurwitz, S.J.; Chu, C.K.; Glazkova, Y.; MaClure, H.M.; Feitelstein, M.; Schinazi, R.
F. Antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of 1-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro--L-glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)cytosine,
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.,
2003, 47, 1922-1928. 234. Choo, H.A.; Chong, Y.H.; Chu,
C.K. The Role of 2’,3’-unsaturation against 3TC resitance
mutant in HIV reverse transcriptase, Bioorganic & Med. Chem. Letts., 2003,13, 1993-1996. 235. Chong, Y.H.; Gumina, G.; Mathew, J.; Schinazi,
R.F.; Chu, C.K. L-2’,
3’-Dihydro-2’,3’-dideoxy-3’-fluoronucleosides:
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, chemical and enzymatic stability amd the mechanism of resistance, J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 3245-3256. 236. Zhu, W.; Gumina, G.; Schinazi, R.F.; Chu, C. K. Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of L-3’-C-cyano 2’, 3’-unsaturated nucleosides and L-3’-C-cyano-3’-deoxyribonucleosides, Tetrahedron, 2003, 59, 6423-6431. 237. Jin, Y.H.; Liu, P.; Chu, C.K. Practical synthesis of D- & L-cyclopent-2-3none and and their utility for the synthesis of carbocyclic antiviral nucleosides against orthopox viruses (smallpox, Monkeypox and cowpoxvirus), J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 9012-9018. 238. Chong, Y.H.; Akula, N.; Chu, C.K. Studies of molecular mechanism of tenofovir against 3TC- and AZT-resistance mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letts. 2003, 13, 4019-4022. 239.
Ray, A.S.; Schinazi, R.F.
Murakami, E.; Basavpthruni, A.; Shi, J.; Zorea, S.; Schinazi, R.F.; Chu,
C. K.; Anderson, Probing the mechanistic
consequences of 5-fluoro substitution on cytidine
nucleotide analogs incorporation by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, Antiviral
chem. Chemother, 2003, 14, 115-125. 240.
Kong, L.; cooperwood, J,; Huang,
C.; Chu, C.K.; Boudinot, F.D. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of 3'-azido-2',
3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-O-valinate-hydrochloride as a prodrug
of the anti-HIV nucleoside 3'-azido-2', 3'-dideoxyuridine, Antimicrob. Chem. Chemother.
2003, 14, 263-270. 241.
Kong, Linghui, Cooperwood, John S., Oh, Chang H., Chu, Chung K., and Boudinot, F. Douglas. Simultaneous determination of
3’-azido-2’,3’-dideoxyuridine and novel prodrugs
in rat plasma by liquid chromatography.
Journal of Chromatography B,
2003, 795, 371-376. 242.
Stuyver, L.; McBrayer, T.R.; Tharnish, P.M.;
Hassan, A. E.A.; Chu, C.K.; Pankiewicz,
K.W.; Watanabe, K.A.; Schinazi, R.F.; Otto, M.J. Dynamics of subgenomic HCV replicon RNA
levels in Huh7 cells after exposure to nucleoside antimetabolites,
J. Virology, 2003, 77, 10689-10694. 243.
Chong, Y.H.; Chu, C. K.
Understanding the molecular mechanism of drug resistance of anti-HIV
nucleosides by molecular modeling, Frontiers in Bioscience, 2004, 9, 164-186. 244. Chong, Y.H.; Choo, H.A.; Chu, C.K. Effects of fluorine substitution of cytosine analogs on the binding affinity to HIV-1 reserse transcriptase, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letts. 2004, 14, 437-440. 245. Park, E.M.; Joh, T.H.; Volpe, B.T.; Chu, C.K.; Song, G.; Cho, S. A neoroprotective role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in N-acethyl-O-methyldopamine-treated hippocampal neurons after exposure to in vitro and in vivo ischemia, Neuroscience, 2004, 123, 147-154. 246. Song, J. Wang, X.-L.; Xiang, Y.-J.; Chu, C. K.; Schinazi, R.; Zhao, K.Synthesis of É¿-L-2',3'-Dideoxy-2'-fluoro-3'-hydroxymethylarabinofuranosyl Pyrimidine Nucleosides, Chinese Chem. Lett, 2004, 15, 135-7. 247. Zhu, W.; Chong, Y.H.; Choo, H.; Chong, Y.H. Mathews, J.; Schinazi, R.F.; Chu, C. K. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of drug resistance of D-and L--3’-fluoro-2’,3’-didehydro-2’,3’-dideoxy-4’-thionucleosides, J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 1631-1640. 248. Shi, J.X.; Ray, A.S.; Mathew, J.S.; Anderson, K.S.; Chu, C.K.; Schinazi, R.F. 2’,3’-Didehydro-2’,3’-dideoxy are degraded to furfuryl alcohol under acidic conditions, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letts, 2004, 14, 2159-2162. 249. Chong, Y.H.; Chu, C.K. Molecular mechanism of dioxolane nucleosides against 3TC resistant HIVM184 mutant, Antiviral Research. 2004, 63, 7-13. 250. Yadav, V.; Rais, R.; Naguib, F.N.M.; el Kouni, M.; Chu, C.K. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling and focused combinatorial library for lead optimization of benzylthioinosine analogs as subversive substrates of T. gondii adenosine kinase, J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 1987-1996. 251. Hollecker, L.; Lostia, S.; McBrayer, T.R.; Chu, C. K. Stuyver, L.J.; Rachakonda, S.; Shi, J.; Watanabe, K. A. Synthesis of -D- and -L-3’- deoxypyrimidines and their antiviral evaluation on bovine viral diarrhea virus and hepatitis C virus in cell culture, Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 2004, 15, 43-55. 252. Zhou, W.; Gumina, G.; Chong, Y.H.; Wang, J.; Schinazi, R.F.; Chu, C.K. Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and drug resistance of D-3’-fluoro-2’,3’ -unsaturated nucleosides as anti-HIV agents, J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 3399-3408.
253. Bondada, L.; Gumina, G.; Nair, R.; Ning, X.H.; Chu, C. K. Synthesis of novel spiro [2.3] hexane carbocyclic nucleosides via enzymatic resolution, Organic Letts. 2004, Organic Lettrs. 2004, 6, 2531-2534. 254. Yadav, v.; Chu, C.K. Molecular mechanism of Adeforvir sensitivity and resistance in HBV polymerase mutants: A molecular dynamic study, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letts, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Letts, 2004, 14, 4313-4317. 255. Hernandez-Santiago, B.I.; Beltran, T.; Stuyver, L.; Chu, C. K.; Schinazi, R.F. Metabolism of the anti-hepatitis C virus nucleoside -D-N4-hydroxycytidine in different liver cells, antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 48, 4636-4642. 256. Choo, H.A. Chong, Y.H.; Gumina, G.; Chu, C. K. Advances in antiviral nucleosides in Frontiers in Nucleosides and Nucleic Acid, Schinazi and Liotta (Edition), IHL Press, 2004, in press. 257. Wang, P.Y.; Adams, M.; Grier, J.P.;Pai, B.; Mathew, J.; Watanabe, K.A.; Otto, M. J.; Gumina, G.; Chu, C.K.; Schinazi, R.F. Synthesis and in vitro anti-HIV activity of 2’-fluoro-2’,3’-didehydro-2’,3’-dideoxypurine nucleosides in Frontiers in Nucleosides and Nucleic Acid, Schinazi and Liotta (Edition), IHL Press, 2004, in press. 258. Chong, Y.H.; Chu, C.K. Mechanism of antiviral activities of 3’-substituted L-nucleosides against 3TC-resistant HBV polymerase, Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 2004, in press. 259. Gumina, G.; Chu, C. K. L-Nucleosides as chemotherapeutic agents, Book chapter, 2004, in press. 260. Chen, X.; Zhou, W.; Schinazi, R.F.; Chu, C.K. Synthesis of 3’-fluoro-2’,3’-unsaturated-4’-ethynyl D- & L-furanosyl-nucleosides, J. Org. Chem. 2004, in press. 1. U.S. Patent #4074042 - 1978 “Pseudo-Isocytidine” 2. U.S. Patent #41 71429 - 1979 “Pyrimidine to Pyrimidine Transformation Process” 3. U.S. Patent #4681933 - 1987 “2’,3’-Dideoxy-5-Substituted Uridines and Related Compounds as Antiviral Agents” 4. U.S. Patent #4751221 - 1988 “2-Fluoro-arabinofuranosyl purine nucleosides” 5. U.S. Patent #4841 039 - 1989 “2’,3-dideoxy-5-substituted uridines and related compounds as antiviral agents” 6. U.S. Patent #4916122 - 1990 “3’-azido-2’,3’-dideoxyuridine anti-retroviral composition” 7. U.S. Patent #4918179 - 1990 “2-Fluoro-arabinofuranosyl purine nucleosides” 8. U.S. Patent #4987224 - 1991 “Method of preparation of 2’,3’-dideoxynucleosides” 9. U.S. Patent #5068 320 -1991 “2-Amino-6-(Cyclopropylamino)Purine-9-ß-D-2’,3’-Dideoxyribofuranoside and its Pharmaceutically Acceptable Salts” 10. U.S. Patent #5077279 - 1991 “3’-Azido-2’,3’-Dideoxy-5-Methylcytidine Anti-Viral Composition” 11. U.S. Patent #5118672 -1992 “5’-Diphosphohexose Nucleoside Pharmaceutical Compositions” 12. U.S. Patent #5084445 -1992 “3’-Azido-2’,3’-Dideoxy-5-Methylcytidine” 13. U.S. Patent #5159067 - 1992 “5’-Diphosphohexose Nucleoside Pharmaceutical Compositions” 14. U.S. Patent #5175267 - 1992 “Stereoselective Glycosylation of Heterocyclic Bases” 15. U.S. Patent #5179104 - 1993 “Process for the Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure ß-D-(-)-Dioxolane- Nucleosides” 16. Japanese Patent #1416343 -1988 17. U.S. Patent #5238947-1993 “Synthetic Piperidinediones with Cytostatic Activity” 18. U.S. Patent #5200514-1993 “Synthesis of 2’-Deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides” 19. U.S. Patent #5190926-1993 “3’-Azido-2’,3’-Dideoxypyrimidines and Related Compounds as Antiviral Agents” 20. U.S. Patent #5248776-1993 “Process for Enantiomerically Pure ß-L-1,3- Oxathiolane Nucleosides” 21. U.S. Patent #5384396 -1995 “Process for the Deoxygenation of Nucleosides” 22. U.S. Patent #5455339 -1995 “Method for the Preparation of 2’,3’-Dideoxy and 2’, 3’-Dideoxydide-Hydro Nucleosides” 23. U.S. Patent #5565438 - 1996 “L-Nucleosides for the Treatment of Epstein-Barr Virus” 24. U.S. Patent #5567688 - 1996 “L-Nucleosides for the Treatment of Hepaptitis B-Virus” 25. U.S. Patent #5648489 - 1997 “Improved Synthesis of Acyclic Guanine Nucleosides” 26. U.S. Patent #5,767,122 - 1998 “Enantiomerically Pure -D-Dioxolane Nucleosides” 27. U.S. Patent #5,792,773 - 1998 “L--Dioxolane Uridine Analog Administration for Treating Epstein-Barr Virus Infection” 28. U.S. Patent # 5,817,667 - 1998 “Compounds and Methods for the Treatment of Cancer 29. U.S. Patent # 5,753,789 - 1998 “Oligonucleotides Containing L-Nucleosides” 30. U.S. Patent # 5,925,643 - 1999 “Enantiomerically Pure -D-Dioxolane Nucleosides” 31. U.S. Patent # 6,022,876 - 2000 “L--Dioxolane Uridine Analogs and Methods for Treating and Preventing Epstein-Barr Virus Infections” 32. U.S. Patent # 6,063,787 - 2000 “Methods for the Treatment of Psoriasis and Genital Warts” 33. U.S. Patent # 6,197,777 – 2001 “Synthesis, Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anti-Hepatitis B Virus of 1,3-Oxaselenolane Nucleosides” 34. U.S. Patent #6,274,589 – 2001 “L-b-Dioxolane Uridine Analogs and their Pharmaceutical Compositions” 35. U.S. Patent #6,271,212 – 2001 “Prodrugs
Azide Compositions and Compounds” 36. U.S. Patent #5808,040-2002 “
L-Nucleosides Incorporated into Polymeric structures for Stabilization of Oligonucleotides” 37. U.S. Patent #6,348,587-2002 “2’-Fluoronucleosides” 38. U.S. Patent #6,436,948 B1-2002 “ Method for the Treatment of Psorisis and Genital Warts” 39. U.S. patent #6,590,107 B1-2003 “Synthesis, Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus and Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activities of 1,3-Oxathiolane Nucleosides” 40.
U.S. patent #6,512,107 B2 – “Process for the Preparation of 2’-Fluoro-5-methyl--L-arabinofuranosyluridine” 41. U.S. patent #6,653,318 B1-Nov. 25, 2003 “5-(E)-Boromovinyl uracil analogues and related pyrimidine nucleosides as antiviral agents and methods of use” 42. U.S. patent #6,670,342 B2-Dec. 30, 2003 “Method of treating hepatitis delta virus infection” 1. Natural Product as Antiviral Agents (Chu &
Cutler)-1992. 1. Korean-American AIDS Symposium, Seoul, Korea, June
14-15, 1990. |